A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

Which statement best describes the notion of ethnocentric bias in psychological research?

1. Results are relevant to all cultures

2. Results derived from one culture may not apply universally

3. All cultural backgrounds are represented in studies

4. Cultural factors have no impact on psychology

The correct answer is: Results derived from one culture may not apply universally

The statement that results derived from one culture may not apply universally best describes the notion of ethnocentric bias in psychological research. Ethnocentric bias occurs when researchers, often from one cultural background, apply their cultural norms and values to interpret the behavior and experiences of individuals from different cultures. This can lead to a misunderstanding of these individuals' behaviors, as the findings may not be representative or applicable to other cultural contexts. In psychology, it is crucial to recognize that human behavior is influenced by various cultural factors, which means that results from studies conducted within a specific culture may not be generalizable to all people. Such an understanding encourages researchers to consider a more diverse range of cultures in their studies and to be cautious when making broad claims about behavior based solely on data from one cultural group. This awareness helps to promote inclusivity and depth in psychological research, fostering more accurate cross-cultural understanding.