A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

Which research method did Ainsworth and Bell utilize in their study?

1. Field experiment

2. Longitudinal study

3. Controlled observation

4. Surveys and questionnaires

The correct answer is: Controlled observation

Ainsworth and Bell employed a controlled observation as their research method in the study known as the Strange Situation. This method allows researchers to observe behavior in a structured environment while controlling for various variables that might influence the outcome. The controlled observation offers the advantage of eliciting specific behaviors from subjects in a standardized setting, which Ainsworth and Bell utilized to assess attachment styles in infants. By creating a series of predefined scenarios involving a parent and child, accompanied by the introduction of a stranger and instances of separation and reunion, they could accurately observe the children's responses in a way that reflects their attachment behaviors. This method is particularly effective in psychological research, as it provides insights into complex emotional and social behaviors without the interference of external variables found in more naturalistic settings, such as those seen in field experiments. Other research methods listed would not have provided the same level of control or specificity necessary for their investigation into attachment theory.