A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

Which branch of psychology studies cognitive processes such as memory and perception?

1. Cognitive psychology

2. Developmental psychology

3. Social psychology

4. Biological psychology

The correct answer is: Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology is the branch that specifically focuses on studying cognitive processes such as memory, perception, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making. This field explores how people understand, diagnose, and respond to information, delving into how mental processes influence behavior. Cognitive psychologists employ various methods to investigate these processes, including experiments and observations, to understand how the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information. In contrast, developmental psychology examines the psychological changes that occur throughout a person's lifespan, emphasizing aspects like emotional and social development rather than focusing strictly on cognitive processes. Social psychology looks at how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others, addressing themes like group dynamics and interpersonal relationships. Biological psychology, on the other hand, investigates the biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes, focusing on the interaction between the brain, nervous system, and behavior rather than the specific cognitive functions that cognitive psychology emphasizes.