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In Bocchiaro et al.'s study, how many participants were removed from the original sample?

  1. 5

  2. 11

  3. 15

  4. 20

The correct answer is: 11

In Bocchiaro et al.'s study, the researchers initially recruited a sample of participants but determined that some needed to be removed due to non-compliance with the study's requirements. Specifically, 11 participants were excluded from the original sample for reasons such as failing to follow the experimental procedure or showing signs of suspicion. This exclusion was critical to ensure that the final sample accurately reflected the attitudes and behaviors investigated regarding obedience, authority, and whistleblowing, which were central themes of the study. The remaining participants were thus better suited for analyzing the effects the study aimed to explore.