Ace A Level Psychology OCR 2026 – Unlock Your Mind Power!

The correct answer highlights a significant difference in the locations of the studies conducted by Piliavin and Levine. Piliavin's study took place specifically in the New York City subway system. This setting was chosen to observe spontaneous helping behavior in a highly urbanized and busy environment known for its anonymity and fast pace.

In contrast, Levine's research expanded the geographical scope by investigating helping behavior across 23 diverse cities worldwide, which allowed him to explore cultural variations in altruism. This broader multiregional approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of helping behavior across different societal contexts and norms.

This distinction is crucial as it points to how the settings might influence the nature and frequency of helping behaviors observed. The urban environment of the New York subway likely produced different dynamics in social interactions compared to the varied urban contexts in Levine's study, which included cities with different cultural backgrounds and socio-economic conditions.