Ace A Level Psychology OCR 2026 – Unlock Your Mind Power!

The correct answer highlights a crucial aspect of both Levine et al. and Piliavin et al. studies in psychology. In both studies, the victims involved were male, which shapes the design and interpretation of the findings. The presence of a male victim allows researchers to explore variables such as bystander intervention, social norms, and the influence of gender on helping behavior in emergency situations.

This shared characteristic is significant because it provides a consistent context for analyzing how people respond to emergencies involving male victims. This can influence the dynamics of the study, including factors like perceived threat or responsibility, which may differ based on the gender of the victim. Recognizing this commonality helps in understanding how gender may play a role in social behavior and decision-making in crisis scenarios.

The other choices present factors that do not apply to both studies. For instance, not all victims in these studies were specifically identified as having minor injuries, nor were both studies focused exclusively on rural settings or on gender issues. These distinctions allow researchers to focus on nuances in helping behavior influenced by different contexts and situations, reinforcing the significance of the gender of the victim in their research designs.